Bill of Rights

Bill of Rights In the United States, the Bill of Rights refers to the first ten constitutional amendments. The constitution was amended to safeguard the natural rights of liberty and material goods.Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on Bill of Rights specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More Through the bill of rights, an individual is assured of a number of personal freedoms, including the right to own property, the right to life, right of protection from the law, freedom of movement, freedom of association and the freedom of speech. Moreover, the bill o rights limit the power of the central government regarding the independence of the judiciary. Subsequent amendments allowed states and the public to have some rights and freedoms that could not be denied. The amendments originally applied to the federal government only, but the Fourteenth Amendment allowed various states to apply the bill of rights (Davies, 750). The bill of rights plays a crit ical role in the United States because they define the relationship between the government and the populace. The governor is expected to behave in a certain manner while the governed has various rights and responsibilities (Brinkley 12). Based on the ideas of John Locke, the civil society should be created to protect the private property meaning that the bill of rights plays an important role of safeguarding the wealth of various individuals. In the state of nature, Locke was of the view that each person is free and equal implying that natural rights cannot be separated from an individual. For instance, the right to life cannot be denied because it defines an individual. The state should always make sure that the right of each is protected. This would not have been achieved without a constitutional order. Therefore, the bill of rights was drafted to safeguard the interests of individuals. The populace should always be the ultimate authority because it elects leaders. The government of the day has the legal responsibility of protecting the rights of individuals. These rights are mainly found in the bill of rights. Any government that fails to protect the fundamental right of an individual should cease to exist. The main reason why the bill of rights was written was to prevent it from the powers of the central government. The bill of rights could be scrapped in case it remained unwritten because the power of the central government was growing. The way the constitution was drafted would open the way for to totalitarianism meaning that the president would have adequate powers over the ruled. He would easily order the arrest of individuals and seizure of property (Brinkley 88). The English bill of rights differed in a number of ways with the American version. The American version aimed at addressing the rights of individuals as represented by the legislature against the crown. In this regard, it had to be written, unlike the English version, which was unwritten.Adv ertising Looking for essay on history? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More Drafters of the constitution based their argument on the violation of civil rights during and after the Revolution since the British unleashed terror to citizens even though unwritten constitutional order preventing the government from using force existed (Levy 26). The bill of rights was viewed as one of the national unifying factor hence it had to be written. The English bill of rights contained clauses on the right to petition, independent judiciary and, freedom of speech. Americans needed something different regarding the right to petition because a number of individuals were not allowed to participate in a democratic process. The Fourth Amendment, which states that the state security agencies should not infringe the rights of an individual through unreasonable search and seizure, is the most important. The law requires that an individual be g iven an arrest warrant before being searched. Moreover, the arrest warrant must be supported by probable cause meaning that the state security forces must provide adequate evidence showing that an individual indeed committed a crime before being arrested. The law was formulated specifically to contain the behaviour of the colonial government, which would conduct a search without an adequate reason. In this process, an individual would be injured while his or her property would be destroyed. The court should conduct a critical review of evidence before issuing an arrest warrant meaning that the state security agencies have no permission to enter private premises. In the Fourth Amendment, the meaning of search is outlined. In this regard, the right to privacy should always be considered when searching a premise or frisking an individual. Regarding seizure, the security agencies are prohibited from taking away private property to be used as evidence. Arresting an individual and holding him or her in a police custody amounts to seizure. However, ordinary police checks, such as traffic inspection, do not result to arrest. Whenever security forces conduct search the premises of an individual, it is expected that they should uncover a criminal activity (Schultz 74). This is referred to as the probable cause meaning that the search and subsequent seizure should bear fruits. If the search were unsuccessful, the rights of individual would have been violated. The individual would have the right to demand compensation for any injury or damage caused. Brinkley, Alan. American History: A survey. Boston: McGraw-Hill, 1999. Print.Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on Bill of Rights specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More Davies, Thomas. Recovering the Original Fourth Amendment. Michigan Law Review, 98.3 (1999), 547–750. Print. Levy, Williams. Seasoned Judgments: The American Constitution, Rights, and History. New York: Transaction Publishers, 1995. Print. Schultz, David. Encyclopaedia of the United States Constitution. New York: InfoBase Publishing, 2009. Print.

Bengal Tigers Essay Example

Bengal Tigers Essay Example Bengal Tigers Paper Bengal Tigers Paper Royal Bengal Tiger The Royal Bengal Tiger, once known as the reigning feline of Asia, are now on the brink of extinction. This beautiful species is quickly disappearing due to human activity. Land development has pushed back forestry, which is making it almost impossible for tigers to survive in their range of natural habitat. Additionally, even though it’s illegal to own, hunt or trap tigers, poachers continue to trap and sell tiger parts on the black market. Furthermore, tigers are being separated by â€Å"population fragmentation† which prevents them from mating and producing healthy cubs. Although conservation centers are providing safe havens for tigers, they are not seeing the results they expected. Royal Bengal Tigers are a majestic and alluring animal that will no longer exist if humans continue to poach them and take away their natural habitat. Due to massive human population increase in India, tigers have lost most of their natural habitat in the rain forest. According to the World Wildlife Federation, â€Å"Royal Bengal Tigers have lost 93% of their range and habitat in the last forty years. At the expense of tigers, forestry and grass lands were destroyed to develop land for agricultural and housing use to accommodate the accelerated population of humans. Jonathan Wright, an expert on Royal Bengal Tigers, explains that male tigers are loners and do not share their hunting grounds, with other males’ only females; they need a large home range. Each male tiger requires 20-30 square miles to mate, hunt and roam, however, this natural process cannot take place without the sanctuary of trees, grasslands and vegetation tigers need to exist. A large amount of forest range in Asia as has been destroyed to improve the lives of humans but has endangered the existence of tigers. Although, it is illegal to hunt, own or kill a tiger, the reduced size of the forest has made it easier for human poachers to trap, kill and sell them on the black market. A National Geographic article says, there were over 100,000 Royal Bengal Tigers just over 100 years ago but now there are less than 2,000 in the wild and about 300 in captivity. These numbers show that there has been a high demand for tigers and their body parts for a long time. According to Tigers in Crises, â€Å"Using tiger body parts in traditional Chinese medicine is nothing new, but what is new is not being able to meet the huge demand for the body parts. † Not only is there a demand for a Tigers fur, rugs and coats, but their bones and organs are also in demand. A small bowl of tiger gall bladder soup cost $320. 00. Not one medical treatment using tiger parts has been proven to cure or even help any illnesses. The high demand for a tigers body parts and the unbelievable prices that human will pay are what encourage greedy poachers to trap and kill these endangered tigers. Population fragmentation,† is another dangerous threat the Royal Bengal faces, prevents the tigers to mate and reproduce healthy cubs. According to the Environmental Investigation Agency (EAI) in London, â€Å"As habitat is lost, people move farther into what was the forest. Groups of tigers become separated from one another by villages, farms, fences and roads. † Tigers in one area can no longer mate with tigers in nearby areas. Instead, tigers breed with the same small group of animals. Over time, this inbreeding weakens the gene pool and tigers are born with birth defects. Many inbred cubs don’t live to the age of two. If more land is not given to tigers in the wild they will be extinct by 2022, and those living in conservation centers will soon follow. Conservation centers are safe havens to protect tigers with hope to save them from extinction, the results are disappointing. Leigh Pitsko, a zoologist, studied many of the conservation centers and discovered that some of the cats had strange habits. The tigers would pace back and forth and twist their head from side to side. She discovered the tigers were doing these strange behaviors because they were stress and bored. The area they lived in was too small for them to run, roam and hunt. Many tigers raised in these centers would eventually get released into the wild but were not surviving. While living in conservations, tigers would not hunt for food, workers would prepare it for them. So when they were released in the wild they would starve and die. Conservation did not have live animals for the tigers to hunt, so they never learned how to hunt their prey. Conservation centers want to help tigers but they need their natural habitat to survive. All in all, if humans don’t stop poaching tigers and taking their land there will no longer be Royal Bengal Tigers for us to look at in awe. In the near future we will talk about the beautiful majestic cat that once existed. But, this does not have to happen. If more land is preserve for them to roam and hunt and mate. In their natural habitat they can multiply in a safe and healthy environment. Also, laws against poaching, selling and buying tiger body parts need to be strongly enforced with punishment. Tigers can still be saved and eventually taken off the endangered list, if and only if, humans can keep their paws off the tiger and their land. Royal Bengal Tiger Introduction (thesis statement) Tigers are a majestic and alluring animal that will no longer exist if humans continue to poach them and take away their natural habitat. I. Due to massive human population increase in India, tigers have lost most of their natural habitat in the rain forest. A. Loss of range and habitat because of humans B. Tigers need large range areas II. Although, it is illegal to hunt, own or kill a tiger, the reduced size of the forest has made it easier for human poachers to trap, kill and sell them on the black market. A. Poaching for coats, rugs, B. Poached for medicine III. â€Å"Population fragmentation,† is another dangerous threat the Royal Bengal faces, prevents the tigers to mate and reproduce healthy cubs. A. Tigers become separated B. Tigers cannot breed IV. Conservation centers are safe havens to protect tigers with hope to save them from extinction, the results are disappointing. A. Tigers don’t act normal B. Don’t know how to survive in the wild Conclusion All in all, if humans don’t stop poaching tigers and taking their land there will no longer be Royal Bengal Tigers for us to look at in awe